The diplomatic relations between the USSR and Yugoslavia date back to June 24, 1940. They were maintained to the full extent by the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia and then the Russian Federation and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. On June 11, 2006, Russia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs acknowledged that Serbia continued the international legal personality of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro after Montenegro had proclaimed its independence. 

The countries still maintain an active political dialogue. Attesting to this are regular high-level meetings.

One of the meetings of Presidents Vladimir Putin and Tomislav Nikolic in Sochi paved the way for approval of a Declaration of Strategic Partnership on May 24, 2013. October 16, 2014 saw Russian President Vladimir Putin’s working visit to Serbia.

The partners maintain contacts across many levels, including the Parliaments, ministries and agencies.

In 2016, Russia and Serbia held an international tactical drill, dubbed Slavic Brotherhood.

Additionally, the partners run an Intergovernmental Committee on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation and Russian-Serbian Business Council. These are by all means effective tools.

Military and technical domain has not been left outside the scope of cooperation. Serbia has in the inventory of its Armed Forces mostly Soviet military equipment. In August 2015, Russia signed a deal with Serbia for supply of Mi-17V-5 helicopters.

October 28, 2015 saw Serbian Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić’s official visit to Moscow that led to approval of several agreements. They included two bilateral documents on military and technical cooperation that stipulated modernization of Serbia's military equipment in particular.

Serbia hosts a representative office of Rostec, Russia’s state corporation, that also projects Rosoboronexport’s interests in the country.

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